Vim Quicktips

Run commands on multiple files at once

# First generate a list of files # open a directory `gvim .` # fill argument list with all files which end in `.txt` :args *.txt # run a command on all files :argdo v\S/d # save all open files at once :wa Note, you might need to set hidden mode to write to multiple buffers at once :set hidden It is advisable to add `set hidden` in your `.vimrc`

Substitution

# Map the substitute command to be accessbile easily. # For example, you can set it so `<leader>z` would invoke it and put the cursor at the correct possition. - Add the following to your .vimrc nmap <leader>s :%s//gc<Left><Left><Left> #Further, you can also invoke subsitution on a visual selection # Just select the lines you want to run subsitution on, and type `:s`

Convert spaces to New Lines

In case you want to convert spaces to a new line, for example, when converting a comma separted list to horizontal so you can paste them in a sheet: Ayush, Mandowara, comma, list Enter the following in Vim: :%s/ /<Ctrl-v><Enter>/gc When you press <Ctrl-v>, the command window will let you enter special characters Then when you press Enter, the symbols will look like below: :%s/ / /gc Press enter and confirm your subsitution. The list will now look like Ayush, Mandowara, comma, list

Convert new lines to comma separated list

• For cases where you have rows of values that need to be part of a list (such as a comma-separated list)

AR DE IN

Assuming that we want to quote these words, and then join these new lines to , separated list of values a) Add quotes and commas at end of each word

:%s/$/",/g AR", DE", IN",

b) Add quotes at start of each word

:%s/^/"/g "AR", "DE", "IN",

Next we record a sequence of operation using macros

• Go to first line
• Press qq to start recording a macro and store it in @q
• Press I (<shift>+i) to go to the beginning of the line
• Press <backspace>
• Hit q to stop recording the macro

Essentially, we are going to the start of the line, and pressing backspace to delete the new line and join the two lines

• Visually select all the lines using vG
• Type :norm @q and hit enter

• Voila!

  "AR","DE","IN",

• Now, just remove the extra comma, and put in the brackets

  ["AR","DE","IN"]

Execute a Vim command from the terminal

• Run a command while opening Vim using the -c switch

Ex: run PlugInstall while opening gvim gvim -c ":PlugInstall"

How to Resize Split windows

• To resize horizontal splits, for example, when viewing diff using Vim Fugitive

# resize <size> or res <size> res 60

Vim Diff Quick Tips

]c - next difference [c - previous difference do - diff obtain dp - diff put zo - open folded text zc - close folded text :diffupdate - re-scan the files for differences

• Note: diffobtain will fetch diff from the other pane and paste it in the current pane
• diffput will put the diff from current pane to the other pane

How to set file specific settings

Sometimes there can be a situation where you want to set individual settings for a file

For example, when your default python config is set to 4 tabs, however, some other legacy code was written with 2 tabs You can use modeline to set file specific settings

• In your .vimrc, add the following

set modelines=10

• Afterwards, open the file you want to configure and add your desired config, in either the first 10 lines, or the last
• This is because you have set modelines value to 10
• Add your config as a comment (for ex, in Python, you would comment using #, while in JS you would use //)

# vim: set tabstop=2: # vim: shiftwidth=2:

• Now, every time you will open that file, your forced config will be set, without altering your whole ecosystem

Pretty Print JSON in Vim

• Just run this command in Vim:

:%!python -m json.tool

• Note: you can simply paste this command in the command window of Vim.
• Use q: to open command window. Paste the above code using p. Hit enter.

Entering Math Symbols / Special Symbols in Vim

Vim has an inbuilt set of symbols that you can enter in any document

# First, look up the symbol, using :dig or :digraphs # The mapping is of the form, type_the_following:to_get_this_symbol # Once you know which symbol to type and its character combination - Press `i` to switch to insert mode in the document - Press `<ctrl><k>` - You will be prompted for more input, here type the sequence you looked up - For ex, to the mathemical symbol of `pi` - <ctrl><k> + p*

• Now, you would see the symbol entered in the cursor position

Move Splits

If you have them split vertically `C-w`+`J` to move one to the bottom If you have them split horizontally `C-w`+`L` to move one to the right To rotate in a 'column' or 'row' of split windows, `C-w`+`C-r` Layout: Vertical Splits => Horizontal Splits `C-w`+`K` Horizontal Splits => Vertical Splits `C-w`+`H`

Paste multiple times

There can be times where you want to copy a bunch lines multiple times in a document, for example, when writing test cases. Vim makes it easy for us to repeat any operation multiple times. The most common example is when you want to jump (say) 10 lines below the current line 10j comes to mind. The same logic can be applied to the paste operation as well.

So, to copy a set of (say) 5 lines, you will visually select them

<shift>v+5j

Copy them,

y

Paste it (say) 10 times starting from where the cursor is currently located. (Ideally, this is where you want to paste the lines 10 times)

10p

[Counting words in a document]{https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Word_count}

Vim makes counting words in a document trivially easy. Just press the following combination: g + <Ctrl>g You will see the following information in the status line:

• of
• of
• of
• of

Note: you can also use this in visual selection mode to get count of words in a particular selection.

Edit Macros

There are times when you have recorded a macro, but messed up a small part or it doesn't work on multiple lines at once (forgot to add that pesky j) You might say, eh, let's just record it again. But wait, there's a better way out of it!

Macros are stored as simple strings of keys in the register where you recorded it. So, if you recorded the macro using qq, the macro is stored in the register q due to which you can play it using @q.

You can access the contents of any register, including the ones in which you recorded your macros in vim using the " operator. In Normal mode, type "qp

• "q -> contents of register q
• p -> paste Now you can see the whole macro string, and edit is as you wish.

Original:

If"ilableel: ff,i, file: "No file selectedFbgelli{Ai}

Edited (added j) at the end:

If"ilableel: ff,i, file: "No file selectedFbgelli{Ai}j

Now to save it back in register q (or any register for that matter), just type "qyy on the macro line. This will copy the contents of the current line (which is the macro we edited), and store it in register q. Now you can play the macro using @q as you normally would.

Substitue multiple spaces with a single space

Run the following command in Vim, to convert multiple spaces to single spaces.

:%s# \+# #g

Note that since we need to escape + to make it a regex, we are using # for the separator. Further, the g flag is used so that if the pattern 1 or more spaces is found multiple times in a line, all those get substituted to single spaces as well. (g => global)

Print Current File Name with Full Path in the current buffer

:put =expand('%:p') # full file path :put =@% # relative file path from current dir :put =expand('%:t') # file name :put =expand('%:e') # file extension

Remove Trailing Whitespace when saving

The basic command to use would be:

:%s/\s\+$//e

• On all lines, search for pattern [one or more spaces followed by end of the line] and replace it will null

If we chain it with BufWritePre:

autocmd BufWritEpre * :%s/\s\+$//e

• We can execute the substitution on save

However, there might be certain filetypes on which you want to keep the trailing spaces, such as markdown. For such a scenario, we can create a function which executes this substitution, by checking if the filetype is allowed.

fun! StripTrailingWhiteSpace() " don't strip on these filetypes if &ft =~ 'markdown' return endif %s/\s\+$//e endfun autocmd BufWritEpre * :call StripTrailingWhiteSpace()

How to modify a file if is not modifiable using Vim

1. Buffer is not modifiable

   :set ma

2. Cannot write, 'buftype' option is set

   :set buftype: " "